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When interactions were found within items, paired samples t-tests and independent t-tests were used to determine specific differences. When differences were found between the pre- and post-survey responses of the intervention group, a paired samples t-test that filtered out the comparison group were used. When differences existed between the post-intervention survey responses of the comparison and intervention groups, independent t-tests were used. The Bonferroni test was applied in the specific comparisons tests, due to the large number of comparisons made. Therefore, the probability of error for the specific comparisons was .008.

Driving his and other retailers'' decisions are incentives given for top brands like Marlboro, with its dominant 38% market share in the first quarter, per company figures. Those who don''t receive some of the lucrative buydowns and promotions risk seeing consumers flock to participating stores where the brand is cheaper.A similar phenomenon is occurring with RJR''s Everyday Low Pricing program. EDLP stipulates that retailers stock a Reynolds deep discount brand, like Best Value or Monarch, and ensure that no other cigarette in the store will undercut its price. Doing so earns participants an extra dollar buydown on Doral, the branded savings smoke whose market share fell 0.5% to 6.2% last year thanks to cheaper, deep-discount brands, also dubbed "fourth-tier" cigarettes because they rank below private-label, branded savings and full-priced premium smokes.Fourth-tier cigarette producers, particularly foreign manufacturers not subject to huge MSA outlays, are discounted as low as $16 a carton, versus $21 a carton for branded savings cigarettes. While premium brands were able to boost market share slightly to 74.2% last year, branded savings cigarettes--including B&W''s GPC, RJR''s Doral and Philip Morris'' Basic--slid as consumers traded down to the cheaper alternatives.

Despite the fact that the use of tobacco constitutes the most serious common medical problem, access to effective treatment remains limited for the majority of Brazilians. The difficulty in stopping smoking is highlighted by the fact that only 2.5% of all smokers actually succeed in remaining abstinent for a year. (2) carbonellcigar One of the main problems for those attempting to stop smoking is the syndrome of withdrawal from nicotine.The association between abstinence from nicotine and the presence of depressive symptoms has been widely reported in the literature. (3-13) Studies showed that the association between smoking and depression is specific for nicotine-dependent individuals, being directly proportional to the degree of dependence on nicotine as evaluated by specific dependence tests. (6,8,10,14) Several studies have carbonellcigar evaluated the effect of the administration carbonellcigar of antidepressants on abstinence carbonellcigar from nicotine. Initial trials with doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant, showed positive results in aiding abstinence from nicotine. (15) A form of therapy with sustained-release bupropion, a unicyclic carbonellcigar antidepressant, also appeared to be effective in the treatment of abstinence from nicotine. (16)